Fig. 2

Distribution of genes encoding CatSper and sAC in birds. Only two species belonging to the Palaeognathae show conservation of genes encoding CatSper (black boxes), and no birds show conservation of sNHE. In some species, full or truncated isoforms of sAC (red box) are conserved. Species marked with an asterisk possess a pseudogene for the sAC (Fig. 5C). This phylogenetic tree was prepared based on a recent phylogenetic study of birds [97]. The branching patterns do not represent the proportional evolutionary rate