Fig. 5

Effects of light wavelengths on gypsy moth and oak moth attraction. a Attraction of gypsy moths to four “old-type” fluorescent lights with UV light emission (< 380 nm) eliminated. b, c Attraction of gypsy moths before (b) and after the introduction of a UV LED to an array of LEDs with visible-light wavelengths (c). d Attraction of Japanese oak silkmoths to UV and visible-light LEDs. The results shown in (a) were from experiments at the Mt. Usu rest area in the last year (2014) of the gypsy moth outbreak, and the results shown in (b-d) were from experiments in Yubari in 2018. Means not sharing the same letter are significantly different (Steel-Dwass test, *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01)