Fig. 12

Scheme of the jaw movement of Histriobdella homari. Putative function of the dorsal rod and associated muscular elements of the VPO during the retraction (a, b) and protraction (c, d) of the maxillae. The arrows indicate the direction of movement. dr, dorsal rod; drf, dorsal rod flexor; md, mandible; md, mandibles; mx, maxillae; vb, ventral muscular bulb; vc, ventral carriers; vcr, ventral carrier retractor