Fig. 4

Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus lacks sex specific regions for both sexes. A PCA of genomic coverage profiles for male and female gDNA-Seq data. B Average coverage for 10 kbp bins, normalized by the median of all bins. The brown and red lines indicate the whole-genome average and half-genome average for males and females, respectively. The range between the 0 × and 10 × coverage ratio to the median is shown. C Genome coverage of male-biased bins. D, E, G, H YGS analysis for (D, G) female-to-male (XY system) and (E, H) male-to-female (ZW system) based on the (D, E) published P. metropolitanus assembly and (G, H) SPADES reassembly. The red line indicates a P-VSC-UK threshold of 80. F, I Scatter plot for P-VSC-UK values for male-to-female and female-to-male analysis for the (F) published genome and the (I) SPADES reassembly. Contigs shorter than 1,000 bp were removed from the SPADES plot. J gDNA-Seq coverage for all samples and the location of genotyping primers within contig Parri_scaffold0000295. Blue and red correspond to male and female samples, respectively. K Electrophoresis of genotyping primers designed for male specificity. Male specificity was not observed for any primer set. L gDNA-Seq coverage of PmDmrt3090/PmDmrt3093 harboring scaffold Parri_scaffold0000005 for all samples. Colors indicate samples for each sex