Fig. 3

Survival of M. japonensis nymphs in the rearing experiment. The orange line represents nymphs supplied with food and sterile water; the green line represents nymphs supplied with food and symbiont-suspended water; and the blue dotted line represents nymphs supplied with food and field-collected soil. Letters indicate significant differences in nymphal survival to adult emergence (P < 0.0001, log-rank test with Bonferroni correction)