Fig. 2

Pemphigus populiglobuli secondary generation detected in Svalbard. A The waxy colony from beneath flat stones in the lower section of the Fjortendejulibukta bird cliffs. B Waxy wingless viviparous female with white tufts on the posterior part of the abdomen; within the wax secretion honeydew droplets coated with wax, forming liquid ‘marbles’ are also visible (arrow). Fresh specimens of summer C and hibernating D populations collected in Longyearbyen. Slide-mounted specimens of summer E and hibernating F populations collected in Longyearbyen