Fig. 6

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the general morphology of Pemphigus populiglobuli secondary generation detected in Svalbard. Dorsal side of the abdomen with wax gland plates (arrow) of A ‘dewaxed’ specimen of the hibernating population and B of waxed specimen of the summer population. C Layer of wax visible above the gland plate of waxed specimen of the summer population. Wax gland plates visibility depending on the reagent used for the specimens fixations D in 70% ethanol, E in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, F in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and ‘dewaxed’ using chloroform. Wax pores of G ‘dewaxed’ specimen of the summer population and H of waxed specimen of the hibernating population; wingless viviparous females all collected in Longyearbyen