Fig. 7

Early growth of Immergentia cf. suecica under the food enrichment treatment. a–c Ancestrula development over 15 days. a Ancestrula with bud developing on primary cystid appendage at start of the experiment. b Same colony with feeding autozooid after 22 days under the feeding treatment. Development of primary cystid appendage (halted/delayed). c Same colony viewed from different angle to show extension of lateral, primary and secondary cystid appendages. d Ancestrula and autozooid at start of experiment. e Growth of primary cystid appendage (top) and secondary cystid appendage developing from the ancestrula. Primary cystid appendage (bottom) did not grow. f Ancestrula with a single cystid appendage and tentacles protruded. g Extension of primary cystid appendage. Abbreviations: anc – ancestrula, az – autozooid, b – bud, lca – lateral cystid appendage, pcy – primary cystid appendage, plca – paired lateral cystid appendage, scy – secondary cystid appendage